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Related Concept Videos

Phosphodiester Linkages01:01

Phosphodiester Linkages

Overview
Phosphodiester bond forms when a phosphoric acid molecule (H3PO4) links with two hydroxyl groups (–OH) of two other molecules, forming two ester bonds. Two water molecules are released in this process. The phosphodiester bond is commonly found in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and plays a critical role in their structure and function.
Phosphodiester Bonds Link Nucleotides Together
DNA and RNA are polynucleotides or long chains of nucleotides that are linked together. A nucleotide is...
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

Published on: November 22, 2016

Self-complementary phosphonate cavitands.

Béatrice Dubessy1, Steven Harthong, Christophe Aronica

  • 1Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69364 Lyon 07, France.

The Journal of Organic Chemistry
|May 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Phosphorylated cavitands with a pyridinium guest form stable supramolecular dimers in solution. This self-assembly was confirmed using advanced spectroscopic and crystallographic techniques.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

Published on: November 22, 2016

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2
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A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Host-Guest Chemistry

Background:

  • Cavitands are macrocyclic hosts capable of molecular recognition.
  • Phosphorylation can introduce new functionalities and binding properties to cavitands.
  • Pyridinium moieties are common guests in host-guest chemistry due to their charge and aromaticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the supramolecular assembly of phosphorylated cavitands incorporating N-methylpyridinium guests.
  • To characterize the formation and stability of these self-assembled structures in solution.

Main Methods:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
  • Mass spectrometry
  • Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy (DOSY) experiments
  • Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis

Main Results:

  • Phosphorylated cavitands with an N-methylpyridinium guest moiety form dimeric supramolecular associations.
  • The charged pyridinium head group is included within a neighboring host cavity, driving the association.
  • Dimeric association is thermodynamically favored in solution.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates the successful design of cavitands capable of self-assembly into stable dimers.
  • The N-methylpyridinium moiety acts as an effective bridging unit for supramolecular association.
  • The findings provide insights into the principles of designing self-assembling molecular systems.