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Related Concept Videos

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

Formation of the Platelet Plug

The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

Structure and Function of Platelets

The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets, with...
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Comprehensive Analysis of Procoagulant Platelets Exhibiting Features of Necrosis, Apoptosis and Platelet Activation
04:37

Comprehensive Analysis of Procoagulant Platelets Exhibiting Features of Necrosis, Apoptosis and Platelet Activation

Published on: May 23, 2025

Calcium signaling in platelets.

D Varga-Szabo1, A Braun, B Nieswandt

  • 1Chair of Vascular Medicine and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis : JTH
|May 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Platelet activation relies on calcium (Ca2+) influx. Key proteins STIM1 and Orai1 mediate store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), crucial for hemostasis and thrombosis.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Comprehensive Analysis of Procoagulant Platelets Exhibiting Features of Necrosis, Apoptosis and Platelet Activation
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An In Vitro Assay to Study Platelet Migration Using RGD-Functionalized Avidin-Biotin Tethers
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An In Vitro Assay to Study Platelet Migration Using RGD-Functionalized Avidin-Biotin Tethers

Published on: November 8, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Cytosolic Ca2+ elevation is vital for platelet activation in hemostasis and thrombosis.
  • Ca2+ flux occurs via intracellular store release and plasma membrane (PM) entry.
  • Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) mediates Ca2+ release from intracellular stores.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge of platelet Ca2+ homeostasis.
  • To focus on newly identified Ca2+ entry mechanisms in platelets.
  • To elucidate the significance of Ca2+ entry for platelet activation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on platelet Ca2+ signaling.
  • Summary of established Ca2+ release pathways.
  • Focus on recent findings regarding Ca2+ entry channels.

Main Results:

  • Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is a major Ca2+ influx pathway in platelets.
  • Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and Orai1 are key proteins in platelet SOCE.
  • Receptor-operated calcium (ROC) channel P2X1 and TRPC6 also mediate Ca2+ entry.

Conclusions:

  • Platelet Ca2+ homeostasis involves multiple entry pathways.
  • STIM1, Orai1, P2X1, and TRPC6 are critical for regulating platelet Ca2+ levels.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is essential for comprehending platelet function in health and disease.