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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Central and Divided Visual Field Presentation of Emotional Images to Measure Hemispheric Differences in Motivated Attention

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Published on: November 16, 2017

Divided attention at encoding: effect on feeling-of-knowing.

Mathilde Sacher¹, Laurence Taconnat, Céline Souchay

¹UMR CNRS 6234, Centre de Recherche sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France. mathilde.sacher@orange.fr

Consciousness and Cognition

|May 9, 2009

Summary

Divided attention during learning impairs memory performance and feeling-of-knowing (FOK) judgments. Encoding quality significantly impacts metamemory accuracy, highlighting the memory-metamemory link.

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Published on: July 5, 2015

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Metamemory Research
Memory Encoding Studies

Background:

Feeling-of-knowing (FOK) judgments reflect metamemory awareness of memory accessibility.
Encoding conditions, such as attentional state, are hypothesized to influence both memory and metamemory.
Understanding factors affecting FOK accuracy is crucial for comprehending memory monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of divided attention during the encoding phase on subsequent feeling-of-knowing (FOK) judgments.
To examine how attentional manipulation at encoding affects FOK accuracy and memory performance.
To explore the relationship between memory encoding quality and metamemory accuracy.

Main Methods:

Participants learned word pairs under full attention (FA) and divided attention (DA) conditions.
Episodic FOK tasks included cued-recall, FOK judgments, and recognition phases.
Performance metrics included recall accuracy, FOK judgments, and FOK accuracy.

Main Results:

Divided attention at encoding significantly altered memory performance compared to full attention.
Attentional manipulation at encoding also affected the accuracy of feeling-of-knowing judgments.
A notable difference in FOK accuracy was observed between FA and DA encoding conditions.

Conclusions:

The quality of memory encoding critically influences the accuracy of feeling-of-knowing judgments.
Findings provide further evidence for a robust relationship between memory performance and metamemory judgments.
Divided attention during encoding has demonstrable effects on both memory and metamemory processes.