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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids
07:14

Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 23, 2018

Noble metal ionic catalysts.

M S Hegde1, Giridhar Madras, K C Patil

  • 1Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012, India. mshegde@sscu.iisc.ernet.in

Accounts of Chemical Research
|May 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New ionic exhaust catalysts offer a 15-30x increase in efficiency for reducing harmful auto emissions. Palladium-doped cerium oxide catalysts are superior, eliminating the need for expensive platinum and rhodium metals.

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Simple Methods for the Preparation of Non-noble Metal Bulk-electrodes for Electrocatalytic Applications

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Growing environmental concerns and stringent regulations necessitate more efficient automotive exhaust catalysts.
  • Conventional catalysts utilize only a fraction of noble metal atoms (Pt, Pd, Rh) dispersed on oxide supports.
  • Complete dispersion of noble metals as ions within an oxide support offers a potential solution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for synthesizing highly dispersed noble metal ionic catalysts.
  • To investigate the catalytic activity of these ionic catalysts for reducing major exhaust pollutants (CO, NOx, hydrocarbons).
  • To compare the performance of different noble metal ions (Pt, Pd, Rh) dispersed in cerium oxide-based supports.

Main Methods:

  • A solution combustion method was employed to synthesize nanocrystalline, single-phase Ce(1-x)M(x)O(2-delta) and Ce(1-x-y)Ti(y)M(x)O(2-delta) oxides (M = Pt, Pd, Rh).
  • Noble metal ions (Pt2+, Pd2+, Rh3+) were substituted at 1-2% of Ce4+ in the fluorite structure, creating oxygen vacancies.
  • Catalytic activity was tested on powder materials and subsequently on honeycomb catalytic converters coated with the synthesized catalysts.

Main Results:

  • Noble metal ions dispersed within the CeO2 lattice significantly enhanced catalytic activity, achieving 15-30 times higher rates for CO and hydrocarbon oxidation and NOx reduction compared to conventional catalysts.
  • Palladium ion-dispersed catalysts in CeO2 or Ce(1-x)Ti(x)O2 exhibited superior performance over platinum or rhodium ionic catalysts.
  • The ionic catalysts demonstrated high N2 selectivity (>80%) in NOx reduction and maintained performance on a honeycomb structure.

Conclusions:

  • Dispersing noble metals as ions within cerium oxide-based materials is a highly effective strategy for improving exhaust catalyst performance.
  • Palladium ions in cerium oxide offer a cost-effective and efficient alternative to platinum and rhodium in automotive catalysts.
  • The developed ionic catalysts show promise for practical application in automotive emission control systems.