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Related Concept Videos

Sound as Pressure Waves01:17

Sound as Pressure Waves

Sound waves, which are longitudinal waves, can be modeled as the displacement amplitude varying as a function of the spatial and temporal coordinates. As a column of the medium is displaced, its successive columns are also displaced. As the successive displacements differ relatively, a pressure difference with the surrounding pressure is created. The gauge pressure varies across the medium.
The pressure fluctuation depends on the difference in displacements between the successive points in the...
Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves01:05

Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves

The intensity of sound waves can be related to displacement and pressure amplitudes by using their wave expressions and the definition of intensity. The critical step to achieve this is to write the power delivered by the particles on the wave as the product of force and velocity and simplify the force per unit area as the pressure. The velocity of the medium's particles can be derived from the displacement.
Unlike the time average of a sinusoidal term, which is zero since it is positive and...
Bending of Members Made of Several Materials01:11

Bending of Members Made of Several Materials

In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
Hooke's Law determines stress in each material, stating that stress is proportional to strain but varies due to each material's...
Forced Oscillations01:06

Forced Oscillations

When an oscillator is forced with a periodic driving force, the motion may seem chaotic. The motions of such oscillators are known as transients. After the transients die out, the oscillator reaches a steady state, where the motion is periodic, and the displacement is determined.
Sound Waves: Resonance01:14

Sound Waves: Resonance

Resonance is produced depending on the boundary conditions imposed on a wave. Resonance can be produced in a string under tension with symmetrical boundary conditions (i.e., has a node at each end). A node is defined as a fixed point where the string does not move. The symmetrical boundary conditions result in some frequencies resonating and producing standing waves, while other frequencies interfere destructively. Sound waves can resonate in a hollow tube, and the frequencies of the sound...
Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving01:09

Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving

The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
The average value of the rate of momentum transfer divided by the absorbing area represents the average force per...

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Related Experiment Video

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A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging
04:54

A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging

Published on: June 16, 2023

Material properties from acoustic radiation force step response.

Marko Orescanin1, Kathleen S Toohey, Michael F Insana

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|May 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel ultrasonic method to measure the viscoelastic properties of hydrogels and engineered tissues. The technique uses acoustic radiation force and Doppler ultrasound to accurately determine material properties, validated with gelatin gels.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Acoustic Physics
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Viscoelastic properties are crucial for engineered tissues.
  • Current methods for measuring these properties can be limited.
  • A non-invasive, accurate technique is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an ultrasonic technique for estimating viscoelastic properties of hydrogels.
  • To enable exploration of the force-frequency landscape of cell-matrix viscoelasticity.
  • To provide a method for characterizing engineered biological tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizes acoustic radiation force to deform hydrogels locally.
  • Employs Doppler ultrasound pulses to track induced sphere movement.
  • Applies a harmonic oscillator model to sphere displacement data for property estimation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully estimated the complex shear modulus of gelatin gels.
  • Measurements showed close agreement with independent rheometer data.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of the ultrasonic technique for viscoelastic property measurement.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ultrasonic method accurately measures hydrogel viscoelasticity.
  • This technique offers a promising tool for tissue engineering and biomaterials research.
  • Optimizing Doppler pulse rate is key for accurate modulus measurements.