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Updated: Jun 23, 2026
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Published on: May 24, 2024
Proton beam therapy for large hepatocellular carcinoma
Shinji Sugahara1, Yoshiko Oshiro, Hidetsugu Nakayama
1Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. ssuga@pmrc.tsukuba.ac.jp
Proton beam therapy (PBT) is a safe and effective treatment for large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study found PBT achieved an 87% tumor control rate at two years with minimal toxicity in patients with large HCC tumors.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Radiation Oncology
- Hepatobiliary Cancers
Background:
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer.
- Large HCC tumors (>10 cm) present treatment challenges.
- Proton beam therapy (PBT) offers precise radiation delivery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the safety and efficacy of PBT for large HCC.
- To assess tumor control and survival outcomes in patients with large HCC treated with PBT.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 22 patients with HCC >10 cm treated with PBT.
- Median tumor size 11 cm; median CTV 567 cm³.
- Median dose 72.6 GyE in 22 fractions; 21/22 patients were not surgical candidates.
Main Results:
- Median follow-up 13.4 months.
- Two-year tumor control rate was 87%.
- Two-year overall survival was 36%; progression-free survival was 24%. No Grade 3+ late toxicity observed.
Conclusions:
- PBT's Bragg peak allows conformal irradiation of large HCC volumes.
- High doses can be delivered to large tumors with minimal normal tissue exposure.
- PBT is a safe and effective option for treating large HCC.
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