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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Observing Virtual Social Interactions
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Published on: July 6, 2011

Online mentalising investigated with functional MRI.

Tilo Kircher1, Isabelle Blümel, Dominic Marjoram

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, D-35039 Marburg, Germany. kircher@med.uni-marburg.de

Neuroscience Letters
|May 12, 2009
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Summary

Inferring intentions is key for communication. This study found the medial prefrontal cortex activates when interacting with both humans and computers, suggesting a broad capacity for mentalizing in social interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Inferring intentions is crucial for human social interaction.
  • Humans increasingly interact with non-human agents like computers and robots.
  • The medial prefrontal cortex is implicated in Theory of Mind processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the engagement of the medial prefrontal cortex during interactive tasks involving intent inference.
  • To compare brain activity when interacting with human versus computer partners.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to scan participants.
  • Participants played an adapted Prisoner's Dilemma Game against alleged human and computer partners.
  • Brain activity in the medial prefrontal cortex was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The medial prefrontal cortex showed activation during interactions with both human and computer partners.
  • Significantly stronger activation was observed during human-human interaction compared to human-computer interaction.
  • Medial prefrontal cortex activity was linked to the type of partner in a mentalizing task.

Conclusions:

  • The medial prefrontal cortex is involved in mentalizing tasks regardless of partner type (human or computer).
  • Humans may possess an innate tendency to attribute agency to non-human actors.
  • This attribution of agency could confer an evolutionary advantage.