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Related Concept Videos

Coronavirus01:29

Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis.

Stanley Perlman1, Jason Netland

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA. stanley-perlman@uiowa.edu

Nature Reviews. Microbiology
|May 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Coronaviruses, known for causing colds and animal infections, gained attention in 2003 with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Recent research explores their replication, immune interactions, and disease, revealing new strains and cross-species transmission potential.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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Published on: November 5, 2021

Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro
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Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Coronaviruses identified 60 years ago, primarily known for animal infections and causing 15% of common colds.
  • Gained significant attention in 2003 due to the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding coronavirus replication mechanisms.
  • To explore host immune responses and disease pathogenesis associated with coronaviruses.
  • To highlight the discovery of novel coronaviruses and their zoonotic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on coronavirus replication.
  • Analysis of research on host-pathogen interactions and immune evasion.
  • Synthesis of data on emerging coronaviruses and interspecies transmission.

Main Results:

  • Detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms of coronavirus replication.
  • Understanding of how coronaviruses interact with and manipulate the host immune system.
  • Identification of numerous novel coronaviruses and evidence of their ability to cross species barriers.

Conclusions:

  • Coronaviruses represent a significant and evolving threat, with ongoing research crucial for understanding and combating them.
  • The propensity for cross-species transmission underscores the importance of surveillance and preparedness for novel coronavirus outbreaks.