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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Biomolecular Imaging of Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles using Multimodal Nonlinear Optical Microscopy
07:13

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Published on: May 16, 2022

Near Field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM): Development and Biophysical Applications.

E Betzig, A Lewis, A Harootunian

    Biophysical Journal
    |May 12, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) offers high-resolution imaging using visible light. This new method achieves over 1,500 Å resolution, enabling nondestructive visualization of biological systems.

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    Published on: January 3, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Microscopy
    • Biophysics

    Background:

    • High-resolution imaging is crucial for understanding biological systems.
    • Existing techniques like scanning electron microscopy require fixed, non-living samples.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and detail a novel high-resolution imaging technique: near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM).
    • To address the technical challenges in fabricating NSOM components and demonstrate its imaging capabilities.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of NSOM principles and instrument design.
    • Fabrication of subwavelength apertures using two distinct, reproducible methods.
    • Performance evaluation through one-dimensional scans and comparison with scanning electron microscopy.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a resolution of greater than 1,500 Å (approx. λ/3.6).
    • Demonstrated fluorescence imaging feasibility through apertures < 600 Å.
    • Confirmed NSOM's potential for nondestructive visualization in air or aqueous environments.

    Conclusions:

    • NSOM represents a significant advancement in optical microscopy, approaching SEM resolution.
    • The technique is suitable for nondestructive imaging of biological systems with visible light.
    • NSOM holds promise for studying functioning biological systems in their native environments.