Reviewing the current classification of inhibitor of growth family proteins

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Development of Inhibitors of Protein-protein Interactions through REPLACE: Application to the Design and Development Non-ATP Competitive CDK Inhibitors
10:33

Development of Inhibitors of Protein-protein Interactions through REPLACE: Application to the Design and Development Non-ATP Competitive CDK Inhibitors

Published on: October 26, 2015

Motoko Unoki1, Kensuke Kumamoto, Seiichi Takenoshita

  • 1Laboratory for Biomarker, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan.

Cancer Science
|May 13, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Inhibitor of growth (ING) proteins show dual roles in cancer. While ING1 protects against apoptosis, ING2 promotes colorectal cancer invasion, and other ING proteins affect cell proliferation, suggesting complex functions.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Inhibitor of growth (ING) proteins are recognized as potential tumor suppressors.
  • Recent studies using siRNA and knockout models are refining the understanding of ING protein functions.
  • ING family proteins are implicated in critical cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle control, and proliferation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history of ING proteins and reconcile conflicting data.
  • To explore the multifaceted roles of ING proteins in cancer progression and malignant transformation.
  • To investigate the specific roles of ING1, ING2, ING4, and ING5 in cellular processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing siRNA technology to knockdown ING protein expression.
  • Employing knockout mouse models to study ING1 function.
  • Analyzing the effects of ING protein modulation on apoptosis, cell cycle, senescence, invasion, and DNA replication.

Main Results:

  • ING1 knockout mice exhibit a protective effect against apoptosis.
  • ING2 overexpression correlates with colorectal cancer and promotes invasion via MMP13.
  • ING2 knockdown induces senescence in normal cells and apoptosis/cell cycle arrest in cancer cells.
  • ING4 and ING5 knockdown inhibit cell cycle progression and DNA replication, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • ING proteins may possess dual roles, acting as tumor suppressors or oncogenes depending on the context, similar to TGF-β.
  • ING2 appears to contribute to cancer progression and malignant transformation in certain conditions.
  • ING family members play context-dependent roles in cell proliferation and cell fate determination.

More Related Videos

A Strategy to Identify Compounds that Affect Cell Growth and Survival in Cultured Mammalian Cells at Low-to-Moderate Throughput12:22

A Strategy to Identify Compounds that Affect Cell Growth and Survival in Cultured Mammalian Cells at Low-to-Moderate Throughput

Published on: September 22, 2019

Identification of Mediators of T-cell Receptor Signaling via the Screening of Chemical Inhibitor Libraries08:49

Identification of Mediators of T-cell Receptor Signaling via the Screening of Chemical Inhibitor Libraries

Published on: January 22, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis01:25

Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis

Aminoglycosides constitute a highly potent class of bactericidal antibiotics that exert their antimicrobial effects by targeting the bacterial ribosome, specifically disrupting protein synthesis. These polycationic molecules consist of amino-modified sugars linked via glycosidic bonds to an aminocyclitol core such as 2-deoxystreptamine or streptamine. Their strong positive charges facilitate tight binding to the negatively charged phosphate backbone of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), primarily at the 16S...
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a DNA...
Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
Inhibition of CDK Activity02:34

Inhibition of CDK Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...