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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Published on: January 9, 2015

The Simon effect with conventional signals: a time-course analysis.

Antonello Pellicano¹, Luisa Lugli, Giulia Baroni

¹University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. antonio.pellicano@unibo.it

Experimental Psychology

|May 15, 2009

Summary

The Simon effect, a cognitive phenomenon, shows faster responses when spatial cues match actions. Arrows proved more effective directional indicators than words, influencing the Simon effect

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Human-Computer Interaction
Neuroscience

Background:

The Simon effect demonstrates improved performance when spatial responses align with irrelevant spatial stimuli.
Investigating the temporal dynamics of the Simon effect is crucial for understanding cognitive processing.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the time course of the Simon effect using different types of spatial signals.
To compare the effectiveness of iconic-symbolic (arrows) versus semantic (words) codes in eliciting the Simon effect.

Main Methods:

Utilized centrally presented arrows and spatial words as stimuli.
Employed iconic-symbolic and semantic coding strategies to convey spatial information.
Analyzed the Simon effect across different response time (RT) distributions.

Main Results:

Simon effects increased in size with longer response times for both arrows and words.
Arrows elicited a significant Simon effect earlier in the RT distribution compared to words.
This indicates distinct temporal processing differences between iconic and semantic spatial codes.

Conclusions:

Arrows are more effective directional indicators than words, influencing the Simon effect's onset.
The findings highlight the differential temporal dynamics of iconic-symbolic versus semantic spatial coding in cognitive tasks.