Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Self-Awareness and Its Effects

Self-Awareness and Its Effects

Self-awareness is a psychological state in which the individual becomes the focal point of their attention. This inward focus transforms the self into an object of contemplation and assessment, influencing how individuals perceive their actions and their alignment with personal and societal standards.Triggers and Contexts for Self-AwarenessSelf-awareness can be activated by external stimuli that make individuals visually or audibly aware of themselves, such as mirrors, cameras, or recordings.

Strategies of Self-Presentation III: Self-Monitoring

Strategies of Self-Presentation III: Self-Monitoring

Self-monitoring is a central construct in understanding individual differences in self-presentation strategies across social contexts. It refers to how individuals observe, regulate, and control their expressive behavior and self-presentation following situational cues. Self-monitoring reflects a person's sensitivity to social appropriateness and willingness to adapt behavior to fit varying interpersonal demands.High vs. Low Self-Monitoring IndividualsIndividuals high in self-monitoring are...

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.

Understanding the Self

Understanding the Self

The self is a central aspect of human identity, encompassing an individual’s beliefs, emotions, perceptions, and experiences. It is a cognitive and psychological construct that enables individuals to interpret their traits and behaviors, influencing how they perceive themselves and interact with the world. While personality consists of stable and enduring characteristics, the self is shaped by self-perception and social experiences. This distinction highlights the dynamic nature of the self,...

Understanding Self-Concept

Understanding Self-Concept

The self-concept encompasses individuals' beliefs about themselves, structured through cognitive frameworks known as self-schemas. These schemas function as mental representations of specific traits or behaviors, influencing how self-relevant information is perceived, processed, and remembered. For example, individuals who are schematic for body weight are more likely to interpret routine experiences—such as dining out or shopping—through the lens of that trait. Conversely, those aschematic for...

Self-Concept

Self-Concept

Self-concept is the cognitive and emotional understanding individuals hold about their identity. It evolves through various developmental stages, beginning in infancy and maturing as children grow. This concept influences how individuals perceive their abilities, interact with others, and manage challenges throughout life.
Infancy and Emerging Recognition
During infancy, self-concept is virtually nonexistent. Babies do not distinguish themselves as separate entities and often mistake their...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Holistic approaches to trauma rehabilitation for forced migrants: assessing sleep as an associated factor for mental health, pain, and cardiovascular health.

Journal of migration and health·2026

Same author

Sleep and temperature data from wearable devices support noninvasive detection of diabetes mellitus in a large-scale, retrospective analysis.

Communications medicine·2026

Same author

Age-related patterns in distal skin temperature during naps.

Sleep·2026

Same author

Cannabis Use Among Individuals Treated with Medication for Opioid Use Disorder: Correlates, Patterns, and Motivations for Use.

Substance use & addiction journal·2026

Same author

Brain mechanisms of pain anticipation in chronic low back pain: Insights into phenotypical responses to mind-body therapy.

The journal of pain·2026

Same author

A Review of Geroscience.

JAMA·2025

Same journal

Analysis of strength degradation of coal and rock masses and stability of mined areas under long term immersion environment.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

Biogenic Silver-Selenium nanocomposite with anticancer activity and potent efficacy against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

Preparation and physicochemical characterization of a biodegradable chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel synthesized in NaOH/urea medium.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

Action-guilt, survivor-guilt, and depression in combat-related PTSD.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

Explainable machine learning for predicting activities of daily living at discharge in stroke patients: A retrospective study using SHAP interpretability.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

Deep learning based two-way feature depiction model for brain tumor detection.

PloS one·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment

Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment

Published on: March 8, 2019

Body awareness: construct and self-report measures.

Wolf E Mehling¹, Viranjini Gopisetty, Jennifer Daubenmier

¹Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America. mehlingw@ocim.ucsf.edu

|May 15, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Current body awareness measures lack psychometric quality and fail to capture adaptive and maladaptive aspects. Further research is needed to develop comprehensive instruments for conditions like chronic pain.

More Related Videos

Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity

Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity

Published on: February 10, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment

Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment

Published on: March 8, 2019

Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity

Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity

Published on: February 10, 2016

Area of Science:

Psychology
Psychometrics
Health Sciences

Background:

Heightened body awareness can be both adaptive and maladaptive.
Improving body awareness is a potential therapeutic approach for chronic pain, obesity, and PTSD.
Existing self-report measures for body awareness have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the psychometric quality of selected self-report body awareness measures.
To examine the items of these measures for underlying definitions of the construct.
To refine the understanding of the multi-dimensional construct of body awareness.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of PubMed, PsychINFO, HaPI, Embase, and Digital Dissertations databases.
Screening of 1,825 abstracts, with 39 instruments reviewed and 12 included for psychometric evaluation.
Evaluation of psychometric properties using McDowell's method and qualitative examination of items by an inter-disciplinary team, focusing on proprioceptive and interoceptive channels.

Main Results:

Only two of the 12 instruments met high standards for reliability, and four for validity.
Four domains and 11 sub-domains of body awareness emerged from the analysis.
No single or combination of instruments covered all identified dimensions, and key differentiating aspects were missing.

Conclusions:

Existing self-report instruments for body awareness possess psychometric limitations.
Current measures do not adequately address crucial domains or differentiate between adaptive and maladaptive body awareness.
Further research is recommended to develop instruments that encompass the multi-dimensional nature of body awareness.