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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma
09:25

Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma

Published on: October 14, 2016

Novel agents in development for pediatric sarcomas.

Dennis P M Hughes1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics-Research, The Children's Cancer Hospital at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. dphughes@mdanderson.org

Current Opinion in Oncology
|May 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Novel small molecule therapies show promise for pediatric sarcomas, but thorough preclinical evaluation is essential. Further research into targeted agents like anti-IGF1R therapies is crucial for improving survival rates in these rare cancers.

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Method for Novel Anti-Cancer Drug Development using Tumor Explants of Surgical Specimens
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Method for Novel Anti-Cancer Drug Development using Tumor Explants of Surgical Specimens

Published on: July 29, 2011

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma
09:25

Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma

Published on: October 14, 2016

Method for Novel Anti-Cancer Drug Development using Tumor Explants of Surgical Specimens
09:26

Method for Novel Anti-Cancer Drug Development using Tumor Explants of Surgical Specimens

Published on: July 29, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Molecular Targeted Therapy
  • Sarcoma Research

Background:

  • Pediatric sarcoma survival rates have stagnated for over 20 years.
  • Novel small molecule therapeutics targeting specific signaling pathways are slow to be adopted in pediatric practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the preclinical basis for the use of novel small molecule inhibitors in pediatric sarcoma treatment.
  • To highlight the importance of preclinical data in guiding clinical trial design for targeted therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical data and early-phase clinical studies.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways implicated in sarcoma development and progression.
  • Evaluation of targeted agents including anti-insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R) therapies, ERBB signaling inhibitors, and Src inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Anti-IGF1R therapies show efficacy in Ewing sarcoma, leading to ongoing clinical trials.
  • ERBB signaling inhibition has shown controversial results in sarcoma therapy.
  • Preclinical studies of Src inhibitors yielded conflicting results regarding metastasis prevention, emphasizing the need for robust investigation.
  • Antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory therapies are emerging as promising strategies, particularly in combination with traditional agents for recurrent or high-risk sarcomas.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric sarcomas exhibit diverse biology and distinct signaling pathways.
  • Detailed preclinical evaluation of small molecule inhibitors is critical for designing effective clinical investigations.
  • Targeted therapies hold potential but require rigorous validation to improve outcomes in pediatric sarcoma patients.