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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation
04:42

Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation

Published on: June 26, 2018

Low back pain (chronic).

Hamilton Hall1, Greg McIntosh

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|May 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low back pain (LBP) affects most people, but recovery is often poor. This systematic review evaluates various treatments for LBP, including drugs, injections, and non-drug therapies, to guide effective patient care.

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Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation
06:28

Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation

Published on: December 13, 2024

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation
04:42

Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation

Published on: June 26, 2018

Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation
06:28

Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation

Published on: December 13, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Evidence-based medicine
  • Clinical effectiveness research
  • Pain management

Background:

  • Low back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent, affecting over 70% of individuals in developed nations.
  • A significant proportion of patients, 82%, experience persistent pain one year after non-recent onset.
  • Chronic LBP patients often face prolonged suffering and limited relief despite initial prognoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the evidence on the effectiveness and safety of various treatments for low back pain.
  • To answer clinical questions regarding oral drug treatments, injection therapies, and non-drug interventions for LBP.
  • To provide clinicians and patients with a comprehensive overview of available LBP management options.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic literature review up to May 2007, searching major databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library).
  • Included 74 systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and observational studies.
  • Incorporated safety alerts from regulatory agencies like the US FDA and UK MHRA.

Main Results:

  • Evaluated the quality of evidence for numerous interventions using the GRADE system.
  • Identified a wide range of interventions studied for low back pain.
  • Synthesized findings on the effectiveness and safety of these diverse treatments.

Conclusions:

  • The review covers interventions including acupuncture, analgesics, antidepressants, exercise, injections, spinal manipulative therapy, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS).
  • Provides information on the effectiveness and safety of these varied approaches to low back pain management.
  • Aims to inform clinical decision-making for patients suffering from low back pain.