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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy During Reactive Hyperemia for the Assessment of Lower Limb Vascular Function
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Published on: March 22, 2024

Raynaud's phenomenon (secondary).

Ariane Herrick1

  • 1Rheumatic Diseases Centre, University of Manchester, Salford, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|May 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review examines self-help and drug treatments for secondary Raynaud's phenomenon, a condition causing episodic vasospasm. It synthesizes evidence on various interventions to manage this peripheral vascular condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Clinical evidence synthesis
  • Vascular medicine

Background:

  • Raynaud's phenomenon involves episodic vasospasm of peripheral blood vessels, typically affecting digits.
  • Characterized by a triphasic color change: white (ischemia), blue (deoxygenation), and red (reperfusion).
  • This review focuses specifically on secondary Raynaud's phenomenon, which arises from underlying conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effectiveness of self-help measures for secondary Raynaud's phenomenon.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of various drug treatments for secondary Raynaud's phenomenon.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of medical literature, including Medline, Embase, and The Cochrane Library up to May 2007.
  • Inclusion of data from systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and observational studies.
  • Consideration of safety alerts from regulatory agencies like the FDA and MHRA.

Main Results:

  • A total of 25 relevant studies (systematic reviews, RCTs, observational studies) were included.
  • A GRADE evaluation was performed to assess the quality of evidence for different interventions.
  • Data on the effectiveness and safety of numerous interventions were compiled.

Conclusions:

  • The review presents findings on interventions including alpha-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and prostaglandins.
  • Non-pharmacological approaches such as hand exercises, relaxation therapy, and smoking cessation were also evaluated.
  • Information on endothelin-1 receptor antagonists, ACE inhibitors, and other drug classes is provided.