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Related Concept Videos

Determining the Plane of Cell Division02:13

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...
Determining the Plane of Cell Division02:13

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...
Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins01:21

Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins

Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
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Centrioles and Centrosomes

Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or "prometaphase,"...
Polarity of the Cytoskeleton01:18

Polarity of the Cytoskeleton

The intrinsic polarity of cells can be primarily attributed to two factors- i) the asymmetric accumulation of mobile components such are regulatory molecules and subcellular components across the cell and ii) the orientation of polar cytoskeletal filaments that make up the cytoskeletal networks, specifically microfilaments, and microtubules arranged along the axis of polarity. Interactions between the cytoskeletal filaments are crucial for the establishment and maintenance of the polar nature...
Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content02:33

Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content

Cytokinesis segregates a cell’s chromosomes and organelles into its daughter cells. Organelles divide and grow prior to cell division but cannot be synthesized de novo; therefore, cells must receive at least one copy of each organelle to survive. Currently, many of the details of how the organelles are distributed are not yet fully elucidated.
Distribution of cytoplasmic determinants
The cytoplasm contains various organelles, as well as salts, proteins, and water. The distribution of small...

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En Face Endocardial Cushion Preparation for Planar Morphogenesis Analysis in Mouse Embryos
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Cell division orientation and planar cell polarity pathways.

Marion Segalen1, Yohanns Bellaïche

  • 1Institut Curie, U934, UMR3215, Génétique et Biologie du Développement, Equipe Polarité, Division et Morphogenèse, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|May 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Planar cell polarity (PCP) pathways regulate cell division orientation, crucial for embryo development and tissue formation. These pathways, including Wnt/Frizzled, guide both asymmetric and symmetric divisions, impacting body plan and morphogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cell division orientation is vital for establishing body plans, axes, and cell diversity.
  • Planar cell polarity (PCP) pathways, such as Wnt/Frizzled and Fat/Dachsous/Four-jointed, regulate cell division orientation.
  • Understanding PCP mechanisms is key to comprehending embryonic development and tissue morphogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of Wnt/Frizzled pathway in regulating asymmetric cell division orientation.
  • To describe mechanisms of PCP pathways in orienting symmetric cell division for tissue morphogenesis.
  • To identify future research directions for understanding PCP's control over embryo development.

Main Methods:

  • Studied asymmetric cell division in Drosophila and C. elegans.
  • Investigated Wnt/Frizzled pathway interactions with Src kinase and heterotrimeric G protein pathways.
  • Analyzed PCP pathway regulation of symmetric cell division in cell fields.

Main Results:

  • The Wnt/Frizzled pathway plays a central role in asymmetric cell division orientation.
  • PCP pathways regulate symmetric cell division orientation within cell fields to drive tissue morphogenesis.
  • Cooperation between Wnt/Frizzled and other pathways (Src, G protein) is crucial.

Conclusions:

  • PCP pathways are essential regulators of cell division orientation in development.
  • These pathways orchestrate both asymmetric and symmetric divisions, impacting key developmental processes.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand PCP's role in mitotic spindle orientation for body plan and morphogenesis.