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Related Concept Videos

Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation
11:49

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

Donor reactive regulatory T cells.

Gang Feng1, Thomas Chan, Kathryn J Wood

  • 1Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation
|May 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Donor reactive regulatory T cells (Treg) are crucial for transplant tolerance. Strategies to generate or expand these cells show promise for clinical applications, potentially enabling operational tolerance in transplantation.

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Functional Characterization of Regulatory Macrophages That Inhibit Graft-reactive Immunity
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Functional Characterization of Regulatory Macrophages That Inhibit Graft-reactive Immunity

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation
11:49

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
18:48

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

Published on: August 12, 2017

Functional Characterization of Regulatory Macrophages That Inhibit Graft-reactive Immunity
08:41

Functional Characterization of Regulatory Macrophages That Inhibit Graft-reactive Immunity

Published on: June 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Biology
  • Cell Therapy

Background:

  • Donor reactive regulatory T cells (Treg) are vital for inducing and maintaining transplant tolerance in experimental models.
  • Understanding the origins and expansion of donor reactive Treg is key to their therapeutic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the formation of the donor reactive Treg pool.
  • To explore the therapeutic applications of donor reactive Treg in clinical transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Treg generation and function.
  • Analysis of in vivo and ex vivo Treg generation methods.
  • Evaluation of Treg potential in transplant and graft-versus-host disease models.

Main Results:

  • Donor reactive Treg can be generated through conversion of alloreactive cells or expansion of naturally occurring Treg.
  • Both in vivo and ex vivo methods can generate functional donor reactive Treg.
  • Ex vivo protocols exist for Treg enrichment with demonstrated efficacy in preclinical models.

Conclusions:

  • Generated or expanded Treg, with appropriate immunosuppression, may be essential for achieving operational tolerance in clinical transplantation.
  • Further research is needed to understand the clinical opportunities and limitations of donor reactive Treg populations.