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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds
06:09

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Published on: April 23, 2018

[Natural substances affecting type 2 diabetes].

L Jahodár1

  • 1Katedra farmaceutické botaniky a ekologie Farmaceutické fakulty UK Hradec Králové. ludek.jahodar@faf.cuni.cz

Vnitrni Lekarstvi
|May 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Over 1,000 plant and fungal species show hypoglycemic activity. This review categorizes these natural products by their pharmacological effects and mechanisms, highlighting their therapeutic potential.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds
06:09

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Published on: April 23, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Natural Products Chemistry
  • Ethnobotany

Context:

  • Natural products, including seed plants and fungi, represent a vast resource for discovering bioactive compounds.
  • Hypoglycemic agents are crucial for managing diabetes, a growing global health concern.
  • Screening studies have identified numerous species with potential blood-sugar-lowering effects.

Purpose:

  • To categorize plant and fungal species with demonstrated hypoglycemic activity.
  • To classify the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the observed hypoglycemic effects.
  • To provide a structured overview of natural hypoglycemic agents for researchers and drug developers.

Summary:

  • This paper reviews over 1,000 species of seed plants and fungi exhibiting hypoglycemic activity.
  • It categorizes these natural products based on their pharmacological actions and proposed mechanisms of effect.
  • The review highlights the diverse potential of molecules derived from these organisms for blood glucose regulation.

Impact:

  • Facilitates the identification of promising natural compounds for diabetes treatment.
  • Provides a framework for understanding the varied mechanisms of hypoglycemic natural products.
  • Supports further research and development of novel antidiabetic therapeutics from botanical and fungal sources.