[The physiological role of the HLA system and the population aspects]

Identification of HLA genes and further identification of their biological role were among major achievements of medical-biological science in XX century. Several Nobel Prizes awarded in that field of science proved their importance. The end of XX Century and beginning of the XXI century were marked by introduction of molecular genetic methods in research. The contributed to development and revision of current ideas of physiological role of HLA supporting genetic homeostasis and human survival as species. Moreover they prompted to review the existing concepts of inter- and intra-populational polymorphism among HLA-frequencies.