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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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Otitis externa.

Daniel Hajioff¹, Samuel Mackeith

¹Southmead Hospital, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence

|May 20, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review examines treatments for otitis externa (swimmer's ear). It found nine studies on interventions like topical corticosteroids and oral antibiotics, evaluating their effectiveness and safety for this common ear infection.

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Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Dermatology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Otitis externa, or swimmer's ear, affects approximately 10% of the population.
It presents in acute, chronic, or necrotising forms and is linked to factors like eczema, swimming, and narrow ear canals.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of empirical and prophylactic treatments for otitis externa.
To answer key clinical questions regarding interventions for this condition.

Main Methods:

Conducted a systematic review of medical literature up to October 2007.
Included data from nine systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and observational studies.
Utilized GRADE evaluation to assess the quality of evidence for interventions.

Main Results:

Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, providing data on various otitis externa treatments.
Evidence quality for different interventions was evaluated using the GRADE system.

Conclusions:

The review presents information on the effectiveness and safety of multiple interventions.
Interventions discussed include oral antibiotics, aural toilet, topical acetic acid, aluminium acetate, antibacterials, antifungals, anti-infectives, corticosteroids, and water exclusion.