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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Social Anxiety Disorder01:28

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Antisocial Personality Disorder01:24

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Antisocial personality disorder is a chronic mental health condition characterized by persistent patterns of disregard for the rights and well-being of others. Individuals with antisocial personality disorder exhibit behaviors that include deceitfulness, impulsivity, irresponsibility, aggression, and a profound lack of empathy. These traits often manifest early in life and persist into adulthood, leading to significant personal, social, and legal consequences.
Behavioral Characteristics and...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...

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Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism
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Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism

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Autism.

Jeremy Parr1

  • 1Departments of Paediatrics and Child Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|May 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review appraises evidence for autism treatments, including drug and non-drug interventions. It provides clinical guidance on the effectiveness and safety of various therapies for children with autism.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Clinical practice
  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) treatment

Background:

  • Evidence for autism treatment efficacy has grown.
  • This review synthesizes current evidence on drug and non-drug interventions.
  • Clinical guidance is provided for effective autism treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and appraise evidence for autism treatments.
  • To evaluate the effects of early intensive multidisciplinary programs, dietary interventions, and drug treatments.
  • To provide clinical guidance on the use of various autism interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of medical literature up to May 2006.
  • Inclusion of 19 systematic reviews, RCTs, and observational studies.
  • GRADE evaluation of evidence quality and inclusion of safety alerts.

Main Results:

  • Information on the effectiveness and safety of numerous interventions is presented.
  • Evaluated interventions include applied behavioral analysis, dietary changes, and various medications.
  • Evidence quality was assessed using the GRADE system.

Conclusions:

  • The review synthesizes evidence on a wide range of autism interventions.
  • Provides a comprehensive overview of treatment options for clinicians.
  • Aims to inform evidence-based clinical decision-making for autism treatment.