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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
11:54

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples

Published on: January 21, 2018

Sinusitis (acute).

Kim Ah-See1

  • 1Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|May 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review evaluates treatments for acute sinusitis, finding evidence on antibiotics, decongestants, and nasal washes. It assesses the effectiveness and safety of various interventions for this common sinus inflammation.

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Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice
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Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
11:54

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples

Published on: January 21, 2018

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice
15:43

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

Published on: March 17, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Acute sinusitis involves inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, lasting under 4 weeks.
  • Symptoms include nasal congestion, facial pain, and reduced sense of smell.
  • Affects 1-5% of European adults annually.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review treatment effects for acute sinusitis.
  • To answer clinical questions on interventions for diagnosed, radiologically, or bacteriologically confirmed cases.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 19 studies (reviews, RCTs, observational).
  • Searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library up to August 2007.
  • Included harms alerts from FDA and MHRA.

Main Results:

  • Evaluated evidence quality using GRADE methodology.
  • Identified studies meeting inclusion criteria for acute sinusitis treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Presents effectiveness and safety data for antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin, doxycycline).
  • Reviews antihistamines, decongestants (e.g., xylometazoline), saline nasal washes, steam inhalation, and topical corticosteroids.