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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Streptococcal Pharyngitis01:27

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as “strep throat,” is an acute infection of the oropharyngeal tissues caused by the Gram‑positive Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking.Mechanisms of Host Entry and Immune EvasionUpon entering the host, S. pyogenes adheres to the mucosal epithelial cells of the pharynx via surface proteins, notably lipoteichoic acid and the antiphagocytic...
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

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Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...

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Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients
05:26

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients

Published on: March 1, 2024

Sore throat.

Tim Kenealy1

  • 1Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|May 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review examines interventions for acute infective sore throat. It found evidence on the effectiveness and safety of treatments like antibiotics and pain relievers for symptom reduction and complication prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Sore throat affects 10-30% of primary care patients annually.
  • Causative agents include bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus) and viruses (e.g., rhinovirus).
  • Clinical differentiation between bacterial and viral sore throat is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review interventions for acute infective sore throat.
  • To assess the effects of interventions on symptom reduction.
  • To evaluate interventions for preventing sore throat complications.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review methodology employed.
  • Searched major databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library) up to May 2006.
  • Included harms alerts from regulatory agencies (FDA, MHRA).

Main Results:

  • Eight systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies met inclusion criteria.
  • GRADE evaluation was used to assess evidence quality.
  • Information on intervention effectiveness and safety was compiled.

Conclusions:

  • The review presents data on antibiotics, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, paracetamol, and probiotics.
  • Effectiveness and safety profiles of these interventions are discussed.
  • Evidence synthesis supports informed clinical decision-making for sore throat management.