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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Absorption of Radiation01:05

Absorption of Radiation

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The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
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Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence01:23

Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence

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Photoluminescence is a process where a molecule absorbs light energy and re-emits it in the form of light. This phenomenon occurs when a substance absorbs photons, promoting its electrons to higher energy level excited states, followed by a relaxation process in which the electrons return to their original ground state energy levels and emit light. Photoluminescence is widely observed in various materials, including semiconductors, and organic and inorganic compounds.
A pair of electrons in a...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

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Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Integrating a Triplet-triplet Annihilation Up-conversion System to Enhance Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Response to Sub-bandgap Light
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Integrating a Triplet-triplet Annihilation Up-conversion System to Enhance Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Response to Sub-bandgap Light

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Shedding UV light on alternative splicing.

Matthew S Marengo1, Mariano A Garcia-Blanco

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. matt.marengo@duke.edu

Cell
|May 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary

DNA damage triggers changes in pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing. A new study reveals ultraviolet irradiation activates alternative pre-mRNA splicing via RNA polymerase II hyperphosphorylation and slower transcription.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cellular responses to DNA damage involve modulating gene expression, including pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing.
  • Alternative splicing dictates the final messenger RNA (mRNA) variants, influencing cellular fate, such as apoptosis.
  • The regulation of pre-mRNA splicing is intricately linked to transcription.

Discussion:

  • Muñoz et al. (2009) investigated the mechanism of alternative pre-mRNA splicing activation following ultraviolet (UV) irradiation.
  • The study identified a cotranscriptional splicing mechanism dependent on the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II.
  • Unexpectedly, this mechanism involves hyperphosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II CTD and reduced transcription elongation rates.

Key Insights:

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  • UV irradiation induces a specific pre-mRNA splicing response to modulate cellular apoptosis.
  • Hyperphosphorylation of RNA polymerase II CTD is a key event in activating this alternative splicing pathway.
  • Decreased transcription elongation rates are coupled with alternative splicing activation post-UV irradiation.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research can explore the specific kinases and phosphatases involved in RNA polymerase II CTD phosphorylation after DNA damage.
    • Understanding this mechanism could reveal novel therapeutic targets for cancer treatment by manipulating apoptosis.
    • Investigating the broader implications of transcription-splicing coupling in DNA damage response pathways is warranted.