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Repetition proportion affects masked priming in nonspeeded tasks.

Glen E Bodner¹, Jeremy C S Johnson

¹University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. bodner@ucalgary.ca

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

|May 20, 2009

Summary

Masked repetition priming effects depend on prime proportion, suggesting unconscious context-sensitive processing. This study found proportion effects in both accuracy and reaction time for perceptual identification and fragment completion tasks.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive psychology
Unconscious processing
Priming effects

Background:

Masked repetition priming effects are typically larger with higher proportions of repetition primes.
This suggests an unconscious, context-sensitive process influences priming.
Previous studies found no proportion effects in nonspeeded perceptual identification (PI) tasks, questioning the role of task speed.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate masked repetition priming effects in nonspeeded tasks.
To determine if prime proportion influences priming in perceptual identification (PI) and fragment completion (FC) tasks.
To examine the role of dependent measures (accuracy vs. reaction time) in detecting proportion effects.

Main Methods:

Two nonspeeded tasks, perceptual identification (PI) and fragment completion (FC), were used.
Participants were exposed to masked repetition primes.
The proportion of prime trials varied across conditions.

Main Results:

A proportion effect was observed in the reaction time measure for both PI and FC tasks.
A proportion effect was found in the accuracy measure, but only for the FC task.
These findings contradict previous research that failed to find proportion effects in PI tasks.

Conclusions:

Prime proportion effects can occur in nonspeeded tasks like PI and FC.
The choice of dependent measure (accuracy or reaction time) is crucial for detecting proportion effects.
Prior null findings in PI tasks may be attributed to the specific measures used, highlighting the importance of context-sensitive unconscious processing.