Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Synthesis of Phenyl 2-Acetamidoselenogalactoside Mimetics and Interaction with Amyloid β<sub>1-42</sub>.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

User characteristics and use patterns in the STI-X STI test vending pilot.

Sexually transmitted infections·2026
Same author

'Initially this work was done by doctors, often ineffectively …': the History of Sexual Health Advising in twentieth-century England.

Modern British history (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Serial Cycle Threshold to Assess the Infectious Potential of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review.

Epidemiology and infection·2026
Same author

From medical officers of health to multidisciplinary public health specialists: a history of the professional transformation of public health in Britain, 1970-2025.

Medical history·2026
Same author

Heat Stroke and Pregnancy.

Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine·2026
Same journal

Rheumatoid arthritis: previously untreated early disease.

BMJ clinical evidence·2016
Same journal

Diabetic retinopathy: intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors for diabetic macular oedema.

BMJ clinical evidence·2016
Same journal

Subarachnoid haemorrhage (spontaneous aneurysmal).

BMJ clinical evidence·2016
Same journal

Malaria: fluid therapy in severe disease.

BMJ clinical evidence·2016
Same journal

Age-related macular degeneration: anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment.

BMJ clinical evidence·2016
Same journal

MRSA: treating people with infection.

BMJ clinical evidence·2016
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Isolation of Neonatal Extrahepatic Cholangiocytes
07:54

Isolation of Neonatal Extrahepatic Cholangiocytes

Published on: June 5, 2014

Neonatal jaundice.

David Evans1

  • 1Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|May 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review evaluates treatments for unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. It found 14 studies on interventions like phototherapy and exchange transfusion, assessing their effectiveness and safety for infant jaundice.

More Related Videos

Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia
13:13

Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia

Published on: August 24, 2011

How to Administer Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Critically ill Neonates, Infants, and Children
07:27

How to Administer Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Critically ill Neonates, Infants, and Children

Published on: August 19, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Isolation of Neonatal Extrahepatic Cholangiocytes
07:54

Isolation of Neonatal Extrahepatic Cholangiocytes

Published on: June 5, 2014

Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia
13:13

Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia

Published on: August 24, 2011

How to Administer Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Critically ill Neonates, Infants, and Children
07:27

How to Administer Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Critically ill Neonates, Infants, and Children

Published on: August 19, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatrics
  • Clinical Evidence

Background:

  • Neonatal jaundice affects approximately 50% of term and 80% of preterm infants.
  • Jaundice typically appears 2-4 days post-birth and resolves within 1-2 weeks.
  • It results from bilirubin deposition, often due to increased red blood cell breakdown or reduced bilirubin excretion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effects of treatments for unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in term and preterm infants.
  • To assess the effectiveness and safety of various interventions for neonatal jaundice.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic review of medical literature up to November 2006.
  • Included 14 systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and observational studies.
  • Searched databases like Medline, Embase, and The Cochrane Library; included harms alerts from regulatory agencies.

Main Results:

  • Evaluated the quality of evidence for different interventions using the GRADE system.
  • Identified studies meeting inclusion criteria for effectiveness and safety analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Presents information on the effectiveness and safety of specific interventions for neonatal jaundice.
  • Interventions reviewed include albumin infusion, exchange transfusion, home phototherapy, hospital phototherapy, and tin-mesoporphyrin.