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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...

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Related Experiment Videos

Otitis media in children (acute).

Paddy O'Neill1, Tony Roberts, Clare Bradley Stevenson

  • 1Norton Medical Centre, Stockton on Tees, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|May 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Acute otitis media (AOM) in children often resolves without antibiotics. This review evaluates treatments and prevention strategies for AOM, considering effectiveness and safety to guide clinical decisions.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common childhood illness, frequently treated with antibiotics.
  • High antibiotic prescription rates for AOM in the UK and USA are noted.
  • Many AOM cases resolve spontaneously without antibiotic intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effects of various treatments for AOM in children.
  • To evaluate interventions aimed at preventing recurrent AOM.
  • To provide evidence-based information for clinical practice regarding AOM management.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic review of medical literature up to January 2007.
  • Searched major databases including Medline, Embase, and The Cochrane Library.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Included data from 19 systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and observational studies.
  • Incorporated safety alerts from regulatory agencies like the FDA and MHRA.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified and evaluated evidence for multiple AOM interventions.
    • Assessed the quality of evidence using the GRADE system.
    • Information gathered pertains to the effectiveness and safety of treatments and preventive measures.

    Conclusions:

    • The review synthesizes information on the effectiveness and safety of interventions for AOM.
    • Interventions discussed include analgesics, antibiotics (immediate, delayed, prophylactic, longer courses), myringotomy, pneumococcal vaccination, and tympanostomy tubes.
    • Findings aim to inform treatment and prevention strategies for pediatric AOM.