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Related Concept Videos

Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes
11:52

Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes

Published on: January 27, 2023

Osteoclasts and the immune system.

Tomoki Nakashima1, Hiroshi Takayanagi

  • 1Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.

Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism
|May 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteoimmunology explores bone and immune system interactions. Understanding how T-cell activation causes bone destruction in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis is key for new therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Orthopedics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The field of osteoimmunology investigates the intricate relationship between the bone and immune systems.
  • Immune-related gene deficiencies in mice reveal critical bone phenotypes, emphasizing this dynamic interplay.
  • Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) signaling is central to osteoclastogenesis and immune regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which abnormal T-cell activation leads to bone destruction.
  • To extend the understanding of osteoimmunology by exploring molecular and cellular interactions.
  • To provide a scientific foundation for developing novel therapeutic strategies for bone and immune-related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Investigation of bone phenotypes in mice lacking specific immune-related genes.
  • Analysis of Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) signaling pathways.
  • Studies focusing on the role of nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) in osteoclastogenesis.

Main Results:

  • RANKL signaling, involving NFATc1, stimulates osteoclastogenesis.
  • Various immune-related genes are implicated in regulating osteoclast formation.
  • Enhanced osteoclast activity due to T-cell activation drives bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.

Conclusions:

  • Abnormal T-cell activation is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of bone destruction.
  • Further elucidation of osteoimmunological interactions is essential for therapeutic advancements.
  • This research provides insights into the molecular basis of bone loss in immune-mediated diseases.