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Related Concept Videos

Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
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Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
American Trypanosomiasis01:22

American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Reservoir of Infection01:30

Reservoir of Infection

Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
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Transmission of Pathogens

Pathogens spread from their reservoirs to susceptible hosts through three main routes: contact transmission, vehicle transmission, and vector transmission. Each route involves distinct mechanisms of transfer.Contact TransmissionThis category includes direct contact, indirect contact, and droplet transmission:Direct contact involves immediate physical interaction between individuals—such as a handshake—which can spread pathogens like Streptococcus pyogenes, the bacterium responsible for...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Simple Fecal Flotation Method for Diagnosing Zoonotic Nematodes Under Field and Laboratory Conditions
03:46

A Simple Fecal Flotation Method for Diagnosing Zoonotic Nematodes Under Field and Laboratory Conditions

Published on: December 15, 2023

North American zoonoses.

Jay M Lieberman1

  • 1Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, California, USA. jay.m.lieberman@focusdx.com

Pediatric Annals
|May 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Zoonotic diseases, infections spread from animals to humans, are often missed due to non-specific symptoms. Early diagnosis requires recognizing clinical signs and obtaining exposure history, especially in children with unexplained fevers.

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Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research
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Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Simple Fecal Flotation Method for Diagnosing Zoonotic Nematodes Under Field and Laboratory Conditions
03:46

A Simple Fecal Flotation Method for Diagnosing Zoonotic Nematodes Under Field and Laboratory Conditions

Published on: December 15, 2023

Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research
08:23

Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research

Published on: August 31, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Zoonoses are infectious diseases transmissible from animals to humans.
  • Delayed or missed diagnosis of zoonotic infections can impede timely treatment.
  • Non-specific clinical presentations and lack of exposure history contribute to diagnostic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of considering zoonoses in clinical practice.
  • To emphasize key diagnostic factors for identifying zoonotic diseases.
  • To guide clinicians in evaluating patients, particularly children, with unexplained febrile illnesses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical manifestations of zoonotic diseases.
  • Emphasis on obtaining comprehensive exposure histories.
  • Consideration of local epidemiology in diagnostic workups.

Main Results:

  • Recognizing clinical signs like fever, arthritis, rash, or lymphadenopathy is crucial.
  • Inquiring about animal contact, consumption of unpasteurized products, and travel is vital.
  • A high index of suspicion is needed for unexplained illnesses in children.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis of zoonoses relies on recognizing clinical signs and detailed exposure history.
  • Clinicians must actively inquire about potential animal-related exposures.
  • Understanding local epidemiology aids in identifying potential zoonotic risks.