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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Simple and Efficient Approach to Construct Mutant Vaccinia Virus Vectors
09:16

A Simple and Efficient Approach to Construct Mutant Vaccinia Virus Vectors

Published on: October 30, 2016

Rotaviruses: from pathogenesis to vaccination.

Harry B Greenberg1, Mary K Estes

  • 1Department of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5119, USA. harry.greenberg@stanford.edu

Gastroenterology
|May 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rotavirus vaccines significantly reduce gastroenteritis in children globally. Ongoing research explores pathogenesis and new therapies for chronic infections, improving rotavirus prevention and treatment.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Rotaviruses are a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in children worldwide.
  • The significant disease burden drives vaccine development and research into viral pathogenesis.
  • Two live-attenuated rotavirus vaccines, Rotateq and Rotarix, are available globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current data on rotavirus vaccines, including effectiveness and global challenges.
  • To discuss recent advances in understanding rotavirus pathogenesis.
  • To highlight potential therapeutic targets for chronic rotavirus infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of rotavirus vaccines and pathogenesis studies.
  • Analysis of vaccine effectiveness and global vaccination challenges.
  • Summary of recent molecular biology findings on rotavirus replication and host response.

Main Results:

  • Rotavirus vaccines have demonstrated effectiveness in preventing gastroenteritis.
  • Challenges remain in achieving widespread global vaccination coverage.
  • New insights into rotavirus pathogenesis include extraintestinal spread, interferon antagonism, and enterotoxin discovery.

Conclusions:

  • Rotavirus-induced diarrhea is preventable through vaccination, but global access remains a challenge.
  • Molecular studies have identified potential therapeutic targets for immunocompromised children.
  • Continued research is crucial for advancing rotavirus prevention and treatment strategies.