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Effects of high-level pulse train stimulation on retinal function.

Ethan D Cohen¹

¹Division of Physics, Office of Science and Engineering Labs, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA. ethan.cohen@fda.hhs.gov

Journal of Neural Engineering

|May 22, 2009

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High-level electrical stimulation of retinal ganglion cells can depress their light-evoked responses. Overstimulation may cause temporary vision impairment by inducing a refractory period in the stimulated retinal area.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Ophthalmology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are crucial for visual processing.
Understanding the effects of electrical stimulation on RGCs is vital for visual prosthetics.
Previous research has not fully elucidated the impact of high-level current pulse trains on RGC function.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of epiretinal electrical stimulation on the light-evoked responses of RGCs.
To determine the charge density thresholds for inducing RGC response depression.
To characterize the recovery kinetics of RGC function after overstimulation.

Main Methods:

Extracellular recording of RGC axon spikes in an ex vivo rabbit eyecup preparation.
Epiretinal electrical stimulation using a saline-filled tube delivering biphasic current pulses.

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Presentation of spot stimuli to the receptive field center during and after stimulation.

Main Results:

High-level current pulse trains (>or=300 microA) significantly depressed RGC light-evoked responses.
RGCs exhibited fatigue in spiking ability during continuous stimulation.
Recovery of light-evoked responses took a significant amount of time, up to 30 minutes in some cases.
Train-evoked depression was more pronounced with direct retinal contact.

Conclusions:

High-level epiretinal electrical stimulation can cause transient functional impairment of RGCs.
Overstimulation may lead to a temporary refractory period, affecting electrically stimulated perception.
These findings have implications for optimizing stimulation parameters in retinal prostheses to avoid adverse effects.