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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Rehabilitation Program of Exoskeleton-assisted Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training with Non-immersive Virtual Reality for Stroke Patients
06:00

A Rehabilitation Program of Exoskeleton-assisted Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training with Non-immersive Virtual Reality for Stroke Patients

Published on: May 16, 2025

Brain activity changes associated with treadmill training after stroke.

Christian Enzinger1, Helen Dawes, Heidi Johansen-Berg

  • 1Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. chris.enzinger@meduni-graz.at

Stroke
|May 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary

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Treadmill training improved walking endurance in stroke patients. This improvement correlated with increased brain activity in motor control areas, suggesting cortical changes aid lower limb recovery, unlike upper limb recovery patterns.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Mechanisms of motor recovery post-stroke remain unclear.
  • Research on lower limb recovery is less extensive than for upper limb function.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to study upper limb recovery but less so for lower limb function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate functional reorganization in chronic stroke patients undergoing lower limb rehabilitation.
  • To correlate brain activity changes with improvements in lower limb function after treadmill training.
  • To explore the role of cortical and subcortical changes in lower extremity motor recovery.

Main Methods:

  • 18 chronic stroke patients with mild to moderate paresis underwent 4 weeks of treadmill training with partial body weight support.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Rehabilitation Program of Exoskeleton-assisted Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training with Non-immersive Virtual Reality for Stroke Patients
06:00

A Rehabilitation Program of Exoskeleton-assisted Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training with Non-immersive Virtual Reality for Stroke Patients

Published on: May 16, 2025

An Innovative Running Wheel-based Mechanism for Improved Rat Training Performance
07:51

An Innovative Running Wheel-based Mechanism for Improved Rat Training Performance

Published on: September 19, 2016

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients
05:23

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients

Published on: March 11, 2021

  • Repeated 3.0-T functional MRI (fMRI) was used with an ankle-dorsiflexion paradigm before and after training.
  • Patient data included Motricity Index for leg paresis and Functional Ambulation Category for gait impairment.

    • Main Results:

    • Patients showed significant improvement in walking endurance after training (2-minute timed walking distance increased).
    • Increased walking endurance correlated with greater brain activity in bilateral primary sensorimotor cortices, cingulate motor areas, and bilateral caudate nuclei.
    • Activation also increased in the thalamus of the affected hemisphere during paretic foot movement.

    Conclusions:

    • Lower limb rehabilitation-associated walking improvements are linked to cortical activation changes, despite subcortical contributions to gait.
    • Bihemispheric activation increases in cortical and subcortical regions were observed with greater recovery.
    • Unlike upper limb recovery, the dorsal premotor cortex did not appear to play a significant role in lower extremity recovery in this study.