Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Growth Behaviors of GaN on Stripes of Patterned c-Plane GaN Substrate.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2022

Same author

Horticultural therapy for general health in the older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PloS one·2022

Same author

Tumour-suppressing functions of the lncRNA MBNL1-AS1/miR-889-3p/KLF9 axis in human breast cancer cells.

Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)·2022

Same author

Pellets of phospholipids and d-glucose with improved intestinal absorption and oral bioavailability of salvianolic acid B.

Pharmaceutical development and technology·2022

Same author

Maternal high-fat diet programs white and brown adipose tissue lipidome and transcriptome in offspring in a sex- and tissue-dependent manner in mice.

International journal of obesity (2005)·2022

Same author

Does tai chi improve psychological well-being and quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease and/or cardiovascular risk factors? A systematic review.

BMC complementary medicine and therapies·2022

Same journal

Development of Eudragit L100/sodium alginate-carrageenan core/shell nanofiber patches for dermal delivery of omega-3 acid ethyl ester.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026

Same journal

In situ characterization of aerosol deposition in dry powder inhalers using optical coherence tomography.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026

Same journal

HME as a transformative platform in pharmaceutics: from molecular dispersion engineering to personalized drug delivery.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026

Same journal

Biomimetic hydrogel design for programmable ECM and tissue regeneration.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026

Same journal

Exploration of FDM 3D-printed multi-compartment drug delivery devices: structural modulation of release kinetics for personalized therapy.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026

Same journal

Dynamic airways drive aerosol deposition in the human lung.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Fabrication of Dissolvable Microneedle Patches Loaded with α-Lactalbumin Nanomicelles for Transdermal Capsaicin Delivery and Adipose Tissue Reduction

Fabrication of Dissolvable Microneedle Patches Loaded with α-Lactalbumin Nanomicelles for Transdermal Capsaicin Delivery and Adipose Tissue Reduction

Published on: December 30, 2025

Double-layer weekly sustained release transdermal patch containing gestodene and ethinylestradiol.

Yanli Gao¹, Jinying Liang, Jianping Liu

¹Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

|May 26, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a weekly transdermal patch for gestodene (GEST) and ethinylestradiol (EE) contraception. The novel double-layer system ensures steady drug release for seven days, offering a promising non-oral contraceptive alternative.

More Related Videos

Uptake of New Lipid-coated Nanoparticles Containing Falcarindiol by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Uptake of New Lipid-coated Nanoparticles Containing Falcarindiol by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: February 9, 2019

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices

Published on: November 29, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Fabrication of Dissolvable Microneedle Patches Loaded with α-Lactalbumin Nanomicelles for Transdermal Capsaicin Delivery and Adipose Tissue Reduction

Fabrication of Dissolvable Microneedle Patches Loaded with α-Lactalbumin Nanomicelles for Transdermal Capsaicin Delivery and Adipose Tissue Reduction

Published on: December 30, 2025

Uptake of New Lipid-coated Nanoparticles Containing Falcarindiol by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Uptake of New Lipid-coated Nanoparticles Containing Falcarindiol by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: February 9, 2019

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices

Published on: November 29, 2024

Area of Science:

Pharmaceutical Sciences
Drug Delivery Systems
Reproductive Health

Background:

Combined oral contraceptives containing gestodene (GEST) and ethinylestradiol (EE) offer effective contraception but can have side effects.
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) present an alternative route for administering contraceptives, potentially improving compliance and reducing side effects.
Sustained release formulations are crucial for maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize a novel weekly sustained-release transdermal patch for combined GEST and EE delivery.
To optimize polymer blends and formulation parameters for stable, long-term drug permeation.
To evaluate the in vitro efficacy and drug distribution of the developed transdermal contraceptive system.

Main Methods:

Formulation of a multi-layer transdermal patch using blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP).
Inclusion of propylene glycol (PG) as a permeation enhancer.
Evaluation of drug permeation through excised mice skin and assessment of drug distribution using polariscope examination.
Testing for uniformity of dosage units.

Main Results:

A PVA:PVP blend (7:1) demonstrated regular drug release, with PG enhancing permeation.
A double-layer TDDS achieved a steady drug permeation flux for 7 days with a 1:4 drug ratio in release and reservoir layers.
Achieved in vitro transdermal permeation fluxes of 0.377 µg/cm²/h for GEST and 0.092 µg/cm²/h for EE.
Polariscope examination confirmed homogeneous drug distribution within the matrix.

Conclusions:

The developed double-layer transdermal delivery system containing GEST and EE provides sustained drug release for seven days.
This formulation demonstrates potential as a promising non-oral contraceptive method.
The optimized formulation ensures uniform drug distribution and steady permeation, addressing key challenges in transdermal contraceptive delivery.