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Protein Organization

Protein Organization

Proteins are polymers of amino acid residues. They are versatile and responsible for different cellular functions, including DNA replication, molecular transport, catalysis, and structural support. Proteins have a hierarchical structure comprising at least three levels of organization: primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. Some large proteins have a quaternary structure where individual protein subunits are linked together.
The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence.

Protein Organization

Protein Organization

Protein Organization

Protein Organization

Proteins are polymers of amino acid residues. They are versatile and responsible for different cellular functions, including DNA replication, molecular transport, catalysis, and structural support. Proteins have a hierarchical structure comprising at least three levels of organization: primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. Some large proteins have a quaternary structure where individual protein subunits are linked together.
The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence.

Protein Organization

Protein Organization

Protein Families

Protein Families

Protein families are groups of homologous proteins; that is, they have similarities in amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures. Protein families usually occur because of gene duplication, where an additional copy of a gene is inserted into the genome of an organism. Mutations that change the amino acids but still allow the protein to be properly synthesized, will lead to new protein family members. If these new proteins contain similar amino acids in key locations, protein...

Globular and Fibrous Proteins

Globular and Fibrous Proteins

Many proteins can be classified into two distinct subtypes - globular or fibrous. These two types differ in their shapes and solubilities.
Globular proteins are also known as spheroproteins and typically are approximately round in shape. They contain a mix of amino acid types and contain differing sequences in their primary structures. Globular proteins have many different functions, such as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Protocol for Computer-Based Protein Structure and Function Prediction

A Protocol for Computer-Based Protein Structure and Function Prediction

Published on: November 3, 2011

The SALAMI protein structure search server.

Thomas Margraf¹, Gundolf Schenk, Andrew E Torda

¹Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany. margraf@zbh.uni-hamburg.de

Nucleic Acids Research

|May 26, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The SALAMI server identifies similar protein structures using 3D coordinates, bypassing sequence analysis. This tool helps discover structural relationships and provides detailed alignments, even with large sequence gaps.

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Investigating Protein Sequence-structure-dynamics Relationships with Bio3D-web

Investigating Protein Sequence-structure-dynamics Relationships with Bio3D-web

Published on: July 16, 2017

Area of Science:

Structural Bioinformatics
Computational Biology
Protein Science

Background:

Protein structure similarity is crucial for understanding function and evolution.
Sequence-based methods often miss structural homologies due to low sequence identity.
Identifying proteins with similar structures is vital for various biological studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce the SALAMI server for identifying protein structures with similar 3D conformations.
To provide a tool that utilizes structural coordinates, not sequence information, for similarity searches.
To offer detailed analysis of structural similarity, including sequence alignments and coordinate visualization.

Main Methods:

The SALAMI server searches the Protein Data Bank using input protein chain coordinates.
It employs a structure alignment method tolerant of large gaps and insertions.
Results include similar proteins, similarity metrics, and implied sequence alignments.

Main Results:

The server returns a list of structurally similar proteins from the Protein Data Bank.
Detailed information on sequence and structure similarity is provided.
A structure viewer allows superposition and download of aligned coordinates.

Conclusions:

SALAMI effectively identifies structurally similar proteins irrespective of sequence similarity.
The alignment method is robust, handling significant insertions and deletions.
The server facilitates the discovery of novel structural relationships and functional insights.