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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)01:06

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...
Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Assembly, Tuning and Use of an Apertureless Near Field Infrared Microscope for Protein Imaging
12:27

Assembly, Tuning and Use of an Apertureless Near Field Infrared Microscope for Protein Imaging

Published on: November 25, 2009

Determining nuclear morphology using an improved angle-resolved low coherence interferometry system.

John Pyhtila, Robert Graf, Adam Wax

    Optics Express
    |May 28, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We present a new method using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry to determine subsurface epithelial cell nuclei morphology. This advanced system enhances data acquisition speed for accurate cell size analysis.

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    Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2
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    Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2

    Published on: December 8, 2016

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    Assembly, Tuning and Use of an Apertureless Near Field Infrared Microscope for Protein Imaging
    12:27

    Assembly, Tuning and Use of an Apertureless Near Field Infrared Microscope for Protein Imaging

    Published on: November 25, 2009

    Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2
    11:27

    Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2

    Published on: December 8, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Optics
    • Cell Biology
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • Accurate characterization of subsurface epithelial cell nuclei morphology is crucial for disease diagnosis.
    • Traditional methods for nuclear morphology analysis can be time-consuming and invasive.
    • Advancements in optical techniques offer potential for non-invasive, high-resolution subsurface imaging.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline a process for determining subsurface epithelial cell nuclei morphology.
    • To demonstrate the efficacy of a second-generation angle-resolved low coherence interferometry (AR-LCI) system for this purpose.
    • To establish a method for rapid and accurate cell size analysis in intact tissues.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a second-generation angle-resolved low coherence interferometry (AR-LCI) system for depth-resolved light scattering measurements.
    • Calibrating the AR-LCI system using polystyrene microspheres in a turbid sample to validate scattering measurements.
    • Analyzing light scattering data from basal cells in unstained epithelial tissue to determine nuclear size distribution.

    Main Results:

    • The second-generation AR-LCI system significantly improves data acquisition and analysis times compared to the prototype.
    • Successful calibration of the system was achieved, demonstrating accurate size distribution determination of microspheres.
    • The process allows for the analysis of cell nuclei morphology in sub-surface layers of intact epithelial tissue.

    Conclusions:

    • Depth-resolved light scattering measurements with AR-LCI provide an effective method for determining subsurface epithelial cell nuclei morphology.
    • The enhanced AR-LCI system offers a faster and more efficient approach for non-invasive cell analysis.
    • This technique has potential applications in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics for tissue evaluation.