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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Symmetric Member in Bending01:07

Symmetric Member in Bending

In the study of the mechanics of materials, analyzing the behavior of prismatic members under opposing couples is crucial for understanding internal stress distributions, which are essential for structural design. When subjected to couples, a prismatic member experiences internal forces that maintain equilibrium. A couple, characterized by two equal and opposite forces, creates a moment but no resultant force. The internal forces at any section cut of the member must balance these external...
Method of Superposition01:20

Method of Superposition

The method of superposition is a crucial technique in structural engineering, used to analyze the effect of multiple loads on beams. This approach involves calculating the deflection and slope for each load on a beam separately, and then summing these effects to determine the overall impact. It is applicable only when the beam material remains within its elastic limit, ensuring that deformations are linearly elastic.
When applying the method of superposition, each type of load—whether...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
Symmetry Elements in a Crystal01:27

Symmetry Elements in a Crystal

Crystal symmetry operations are isometric transformations that map objects onto indistinguishable copies while preserving distances, angles, and volumes. The simplest symmetry operation is translation, which shifts the entire infinite crystal lattice parallelly by a translation vector.Crystallographic rotations involve rotations by an angle of 2π/n around an axis without changing the positions of points on the axis. It is called the rotational axis of the symmetry, denoted by n. The combination...
Unsymmetric Bending01:18

Unsymmetric Bending

Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from those in symmetrical bending, and are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions. In unsymmetrical bending, the neutral axis—where stress is zero—does not necessarily align with the geometric axes of the cross-section. The orientation of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
08:48

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

Published on: April 20, 2016

Compact supercell method based on opposite parity for Bragg fibers.

Wang Zhi, Ren Guobin, Lou Shuqin

    Optics Express
    |May 28, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new supercell-based orthonormal basis method accurately analyzes Bragg fiber modal properties. This efficient technique simplifies complex dielectric structures for precise propagation characteristic calculations.

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    Published on: August 22, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Bragg fibers are crucial for optical communication.
    • Accurate modal analysis is essential for fiber design.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce an efficient and accurate method for analyzing Bragg fiber modal properties.
    • To investigate the propagation characteristics of Bragg fibers.

    Main Methods:

    • A supercell approach is used to model the Bragg fiber's square lattice structure.
    • Periodic functions (cosine) decompose the dielectric structure.
    • Hermite-Gaussian basis functions expand the modal electric field.
    • The wave equation is recast into an eigenvalue system.

    Main Results:

    • The supercell-based orthonormal basis method provides high efficiency and accuracy.
    • Modal properties and propagation characteristics are successfully obtained.
    • The method effectively handles the periodic dielectric structure.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed method is a powerful tool for Bragg fiber analysis.
    • This technique offers a computationally efficient and accurate solution for modal property investigation.