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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

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An Experimental Model to Study Tuberculosis-Malaria Coinfection upon Natural Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei
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Modeling HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis coinfection.

C P Bhunu1, W Garira, Z Mukandavire

  • 1Modeling Biomedical Systems Research Group, Department of Applied Mathematics, National University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box AC 939 Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. cpbhunu1762@nust.ac.zw

Bulletin of Mathematical Biology
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Treating both HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis (TB) coinfection effectively reduces disease progression. Antiretroviral therapy for AIDS and TB treatment, including latent forms, significantly lowers infection rates and delays disease onset.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Mathematical Modeling
  • Infectious Disease Dynamics

Background:

  • Coinfection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and Tuberculosis (TB) presents a significant global health challenge.
  • Understanding the complex interplay between HIV/AIDS and TB is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and analyze a mathematical model for HIV/AIDS and TB coinfection.
  • To evaluate the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV/AIDS and treatment for both latent and active TB on disease dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a compartmental mathematical model simulating HIV/AIDS and TB coinfection.
  • Analysis of individual HIV/AIDS and TB submodels to understand their baseline dynamics.
  • Incorporation of intervention strategies: ART for HIV/AIDS and treatment for all forms of TB.
  • Determination and stability analysis of model equilibria and threshold quantities.

Main Results:

  • The TB-only model exhibits backward bifurcation, indicating complex dynamics.
  • The HIV/AIDS-only model shows a stable disease-free equilibrium under certain conditions.
  • Treatment of HIV/AIDS cases significantly reduces progression to active TB.
  • Treatment of latent and active TB delays the onset of the AIDS stage of HIV infection.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated treatment strategies targeting both HIV/AIDS and TB are essential for controlling coinfection.
  • Antiretroviral therapy and comprehensive TB treatment are effective in mitigating disease burden and progression.
  • Mathematical modeling provides valuable insights into the dynamics of coinfectious diseases and the impact of interventions.