Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Does Xylitol Have Additional Benefit Over Saline for Nasal Irrigation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis?

The Laryngoscope·2026
Same author

Continuous Erector Spinae Plane Blocks to Treat Pain Following Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Randomized, Triple-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Anesthesiology·2026
Same author

Cryoneurolysis Thermal Graphs: In Vivo Descriptive Data from Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Thermocouples.

Anesthesiology·2026
Same author

Does Liposomal Bupivacaine Deliver in Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks? (Does Any Local Anesthetic?) It's Complicated ….

Anesthesiology·2026
Same author

Generative AI as Librarian: A New Model for Surgical Education.

Journal of surgical education·2026
Same author

Consensus Guidelines for the Use of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Neurological Diseases: A Neuron Project from the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience.

Journal of pain research·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Chronic Constriction Injury of the Rat's Infraorbital Nerve (IoN-CCI) to Study Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain
10:52

Chronic Constriction Injury of the Rat's Infraorbital Nerve (IoN-CCI) to Study Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain

Published on: September 21, 2015

Bilateral infraorbital nerve blocks decrease postoperative pain but do not reduce time to discharge following

Edward R Mariano1, Deborah Watson, Vanessa J Loland

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103-8770, USA. ermariano@ucsd.edu

Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia = Journal Canadien D'Anesthesie
|May 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infraorbital nerve blocks did not shorten recovery time for adult outpatient nasal surgery patients. However, the blocks did provide some pain relief post-surgery, indicating a potential benefit for pain management.

More Related Videos

Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves
04:06

Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves

Published on: September 13, 2024

Chronic Constriction Injury of the Distal Infraorbital Nerve (DIoN-CCI) in Mice to Study Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain
05:38

Chronic Constriction Injury of the Distal Infraorbital Nerve (DIoN-CCI) in Mice to Study Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain

Published on: March 8, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Chronic Constriction Injury of the Rat's Infraorbital Nerve (IoN-CCI) to Study Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain
10:52

Chronic Constriction Injury of the Rat's Infraorbital Nerve (IoN-CCI) to Study Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain

Published on: September 21, 2015

Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves
04:06

Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves

Published on: September 13, 2024

Chronic Constriction Injury of the Distal Infraorbital Nerve (DIoN-CCI) in Mice to Study Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain
05:38

Chronic Constriction Injury of the Distal Infraorbital Nerve (DIoN-CCI) in Mice to Study Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain

Published on: March 8, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Regional Anesthesia
  • Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • Infraorbital nerve blocks (IOB) are used for pediatric facial surgery analgesia.
  • Their impact on adult postoperative recovery remains unstudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if infraorbital nerve blocks combined with general anesthesia reduce recovery time in adults undergoing outpatient nasal surgery.
  • To assess the effect on postoperative pain, nausea, vomiting, and opioid use.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy adults for outpatient nasal surgery were randomized to receive bilateral infraorbital nerve blocks with bupivacaine (Group IOB) or saline (Group NS) after general anesthesia induction.
  • Recovery duration, pain scores, nausea, vomiting, and opioid requirements were primary and secondary outcomes.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in mean recovery room duration between Group IOB (131 min) and Group NS (133 min) (P = 0.77).
  • Group IOB reported significantly lower average pain scores (-11 points on a 0-100 mm scale; P = 0.047).
  • No other secondary outcomes showed statistical significance.

Conclusions:

  • Bilateral infraorbital nerve blocks do not decrease actual discharge time after outpatient nasal surgery.
  • IOB provide a statistically significant benefit in reducing postoperative pain, despite not affecting recovery duration.