Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques
Published on: June 11, 2019
The 'mill-wheel' murmur and computed tomography of intracardiac air emboli
Bernard J Rubal1, Alisa Leon, Belinda L Meyers
1Cardiology Service, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA. Bernie.Rubal@amedd.army.mil
Abstract:
The 'water-wheel' or 'mill-wheel' murmur is classically associated with large intracardiac air emboli and described as a "characteristic splashing auscultatory sound due to the presence of gas in the cardiac chambers." We used 64-slice computed tomography (slice thickness, 0.5 mm; revolution time, 400 msec) and 3D fly-through software imagery to capture previously unreported intracardiac air-blood interface dynamics associated with this murmur and ineffective right ventricular contraction in a porcine model.
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