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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer
08:34

Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer

Published on: April 13, 2015

Telomere uncapping, chromosomes, and carcinomas.

Luis F Z Batista1, Steven E Artandi

  • 1Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Cancer Cell
|May 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telomere shortening and uncapping both drive epithelial cancer development. Altering proteins that protect chromosome ends, without shortening telomeres, can also cause cancer, highlighting new mechanisms in carcinogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Telomere shortening is a known driver of chromosomal instability and epithelial cancers, supported by mouse models and human cancer data.
  • Telomeres are protective caps on chromosome ends, and their shortening is linked to cellular aging and cancer.
  • Chromosomal instability is a hallmark of cancer, often arising from damaged or lost chromosomes.

Discussion:

  • Else et al. investigated the role of telomere uncapping, distinct from telomere shortening, in cancer development.
  • Telomere uncapping involves alterations in proteins that protect chromosome ends.
  • This study explores how manipulating telomere-protective proteins impacts epithelial carcinogenesis.

Key Insights:

  • Telomere uncapping, independent of telomere length, can initiate epithelial carcinogenesis.
  • Proteins crucial for maintaining telomere integrity play a significant role in preventing cancer.
  • The findings reveal alternative pathways to cancer beyond simple telomere attrition.

Outlook:

  • Further research into telomere-capping proteins could reveal novel therapeutic targets for epithelial cancers.
  • Understanding these alternative mechanisms of carcinogenesis may lead to new diagnostic strategies.
  • This work broadens the scope of telomere biology in cancer research.