Prenatal diagnosis of urinary tract abnormalities with ultrasound. A review

The fetal kidneys and bladder are routinely imaged as part of an obstetrical ultrasound examination. The normal appearances of these structures, and how they change through pregnancy, are well documented. Many pathologic conditions, especially hydronephrosis and renal cystic diseases, are easily detectable. In utero diagnosis may facilitate optimal patient counseling, obstetrical management, and postnatal diagnosis and treatment.