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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Volumes01:15

Respiratory Volumes

Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation01:24

Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation

Pulmonary ventilation is a vital process that ensures the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. It refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs, enabling the body to obtain oxygen and remove waste carbon dioxide. In this article, we will explore the intricacies of pulmonary ventilation, including its underlying principles, mechanisms, and the interplay of pressures within the respiratory system.
Boyle's law becomes particularly pertinent when examining respiratory...
External and Internal Respiration01:24

External and Internal Respiration

External respiration occurs in the lungs, and it is the first step in the journey of oxygen inside the body. When we inhale, oxygen enters our lungs and diffuses across the thin alveolar membrane. The alveoli are tiny, air-filled sacs that provide a vast surface area for gas exchange. Oxygen in the alveoli has a higher partial pressure (105 mmHg) than in the adjacent pulmonary capillaries (40 mmHg), establishing a pressure gradient. As a result, oxygen molecules move from the alveoli into the...
Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology01:10

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...

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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Robotic-assisted Left Pneumonectomy For Vanishing Lung Syndrome
07:27

Robotic-assisted Left Pneumonectomy For Vanishing Lung Syndrome

Published on: January 23, 2026

[Lung volume reduction in severe emphysema].

S Demertzis1, H Wilkens, H J Schäfers

  • 1Abt. für Thorax-, Herz- und Gefässchirurgie, Universitgtsldiniken des Saarlandes, Homburg.

Medizinische Klinik (Munich, Germany : 1983)
|May 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lung volume reduction (LVR) surgery offers an effective treatment for severe emphysema, improving breathing and function. This organ-preserving option shows good long-term results for selected patients.

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Measurement of the Pressure-volume Curve in Mouse Lungs
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Measurement of the Pressure-volume Curve in Mouse Lungs

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

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Measurement of the Pressure-volume Curve in Mouse Lungs
09:49

Measurement of the Pressure-volume Curve in Mouse Lungs

Published on: January 27, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Respiratory Medicine

Context:

  • End-stage emphysema causes severe dyspnea, significantly impacting patient quality of life.
  • Lung volume reduction (LVR) surgery is a recognized organ-preserving treatment for this condition.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of LVR surgery in patients with end-stage emphysema.
  • To highlight the importance of patient selection and comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation.

Summary:

  • LVR surgery involves resecting functionally inactive lung tissue to reduce hyperinflation and improve lung elasticity.
  • This procedure leads to enhanced dyspnea relief, increased mobility, and better pulmonary function.
  • Key factors for success include meticulous patient selection and specialized care for chronic respiratory failure.

Impact:

  • LVR surgery demonstrates acceptable in-hospital morbidity and mortality rates (0-5%).
  • Positive outcomes are sustained for at least 18-24 months post-surgery.
  • LVR serves as a viable alternative or a bridge therapy to lung transplantation for eligible patients.