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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

Overview
Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Depletion of Specific Cell Populations by Complement Depletion
06:17

Depletion of Specific Cell Populations by Complement Depletion

Published on: February 5, 2010

Complement in human diseases: Lessons from complement deficiencies.

Marina Botto1, Michael Kirschfink, Paolo Macor

  • 1Imperial College London, UK.

Molecular Immunology
|June 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complement deficiencies impact host defense and lead to various diseases. Understanding these deficiencies aids in diagnosis and developing treatments for better patient outcomes.

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Enrichment of Bruch's Membrane from Human Donor Eyes
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Enrichment of Bruch's Membrane from Human Donor Eyes

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Depletion of Specific Cell Populations by Complement Depletion
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Depletion of Specific Cell Populations by Complement Depletion

Published on: February 5, 2010

High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment
07:26

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10:22

Enrichment of Bruch's Membrane from Human Donor Eyes

Published on: November 15, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Historical complement deficient cases have elucidated the complement system's role in host defense.
  • Surveys of individuals with complement deficiencies have identified clinical consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diseases linked to complement component and regulator deficiencies.
  • To discuss therapeutic implications and diagnostic approaches for complement deficiencies.
  • To present the organization of a complement deficiency registry for collaborative research.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of reported complement deficient cases.
  • Review of clinical consequences and therapeutic implications.
  • Description of a multistep diagnostic approach from screening to molecular characterization.
  • Presentation of a registry for collecting and analyzing complement deficiency cases.

Main Results:

  • Complement deficiencies are associated with specific diseases.
  • A structured diagnostic pathway is essential for identifying complement defects.
  • A registry can facilitate research on treatment and prevention.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding complement deficiencies is crucial for host defense.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches are needed for diagnosis and management.
  • Registries are valuable for advancing research and patient care in complement deficiencies.