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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats
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Published on: August 1, 2018

[Hepatopulmonary syndrome].

T Thevenot1, C-M Pastor, J-P Cervoni

  • 1Service d'Hépatologie et de Soins Intensifs Digestifs, Hôpital Universitaire Jean-Minjoz, 25030 Besançon, France. tthevenot@chu-besancon.fr

Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique
|June 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatopulmonary syndrome, a complication in cirrhosis patients, causes breathing issues and low oxygen. Early diagnosis via contrast echocardiography and monitoring oxygen levels are crucial for liver transplant timing.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

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A Pulmonary Trunk Banding Model of Pressure Overload Induced Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Failure

Published on: November 29, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) affects up to 20% of patients with cirrhosis.
  • It is characterized by portal hypertension, increased alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, and dilated pulmonary capillaries.
  • Dyspnea and hypoxemia in cirrhotic patients warrant consideration for HPS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key features, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of hepatopulmonary syndrome.
  • To highlight the prognostic implications of hypoxemia in cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation.
  • To review current therapeutic approaches and their impact on HPS.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis of HPS is established using contrast echocardiography.
  • Assessment of hypoxemia involves measuring alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference.
  • Prognostic factors for liver transplantation include preoperative PaO(2) and shunt fraction.

Main Results:

  • HPS is defined by portal hypertension, increased alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (≥15 mm Hg), and dilated pulmonary capillaries.
  • Nitric oxide plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of HPS.
  • Severe hypoxemia (PaO(2) ≤50 mm Hg) and shunt fraction (≥20%) predict higher postoperative mortality after liver transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatopulmonary syndrome requires careful consideration in cirrhotic patients with dyspnea or hypoxemia.
  • Regular monitoring of hypoxemia is essential for optimizing liver transplant timing.
  • While effective medical therapies are lacking, garlic powder and iloprost inhalation show promise for clinical improvement.