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Related Concept Videos

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
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Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Multimodal Nonlinear Hyperspectral Chemical Imaging Using Line-Scanning Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Microscopy
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Published on: December 1, 2023

White-light continuum Z-scan technique for nonlinear materials characterization.

Mihaela Balu, Joel Hales, David Hagan

    Optics Express
    |June 2, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a fast Z-scan technique using a femtosecond white-light continuum pulse for characterizing nonlinear optical properties. The method minimizes unwanted two-photon absorption (2PA) effects, enabling accurate spectral measurements.

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    Implementation of a Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) System on a Ti:Sapphire and OPO Laser Based Standard Laser Scanning Microscope

    Published on: July 17, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Materials Science
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Characterizing nonlinear optical properties is crucial for advanced material applications.
    • Traditional methods can be time-consuming and susceptible to artifacts like nondegenerate two-photon absorption (2PA).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a rapid and accurate technique for characterizing degenerate nonlinear absorption and refraction spectra.
    • To minimize the influence of nondegenerate 2PA processes during spectral measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a femtosecond white-light continuum (WLC) pulse for Z-scan measurements.
    • Employing temporal and spatial dispersion of WLC spectral components.
    • Performing Z-scans to analyze nonlinear absorption and refraction.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated a technique for rapid spectral characterization of nonlinear optical properties.
    • Successfully minimized nondegenerate 2PA contributions to the measurements.
    • Validated the method by accurately measuring the 2PA spectrum of Zinc Selenide (ZnSe).

    Conclusions:

    • The presented WLC-based Z-scan technique offers a fast and reliable approach for nonlinear spectroscopy.
    • This method provides precise characterization of nonlinear optical spectra, crucial for materials research and device development.