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Related Concept Videos

Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences

Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and refractory oxide ion...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

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Published on: June 8, 2018

Multiphoton Intrapulse Interference 8. Coherent control through scattering tissue.

Johanna Dela Cruz, Igor Pastirk, Matthew Comstock

    Optics Express
    |June 2, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers used phase-shaped laser pulses to selectively excite probes through scattering tissue. This technique successfully identified pH-sensitive solutions, paving the way for advanced biomedical imaging and therapy.

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    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

    Published on: September 5, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Physical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Scattering tissue significantly hinders optical imaging and therapies.
    • Two-photon probe excitation offers enhanced resolution but is sensitive to scattering.
    • Coherent control strategies are being explored to overcome scattering limitations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate selective two-photon probe excitation through scattering tissue using phase-shaped pulses.
    • To assess the feasibility of identifying chemical properties (pH) of analytes behind scattering media.
    • To explore the potential of this technique for biomedical applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized pre-optimized, phase-tailored femtosecond laser pulses.
    • Employed selective two-photon excitation of a pH-sensitive chromophore.
    • Propagated laser pulses through a scattering tissue phantom.
    • Analyzed the spectral response of the chromophore to determine solution acidity/basicity.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved selective two-photon probe excitation despite laser propagation through scattering tissue.
    • Successfully identified acidic and basic solutions of the pH-sensitive chromophore.
    • Demonstrated the robustness of phase-shaped pulses in maintaining excitation specificity.

    Conclusions:

    • Phase-shaped pulses enable targeted two-photon excitation in scattering environments.
    • This method allows for non-invasive chemical sensing through biological tissues.
    • Significant implications for advancing biomedical imaging and photodynamic therapy.