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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Action Potential01:30

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials
Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...
Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin to...
Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase of...
ECG Interpretation of Rhythms01:24

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage. When...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice
06:07

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice

Published on: May 23, 2021

[Functional late potential analysis in the 24-hour electrocardiogram].

P Steinbigler1, R Haberl, J Vogel

  • 1Medizinische Klinik I der Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81366, München.

Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie
|June 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Repeated analysis of late potentials from 24-hour Holter ECGs can identify functional changes and improve risk stratification for post-infarction patients. This method is superior to single analysis for detecting ventricular arrhythmias.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Context:

  • Post-myocardial infarction patients are at risk for ventricular arrhythmias.
  • Current risk stratification methods may not fully capture dynamic changes.
  • The utility of repeated late potential analysis over 24 hours is not well-established.

Purpose:

  • To investigate if repeated late potential analysis within 24 hours can detect functional changes.
  • To determine if this repeated analysis is superior to a single analysis for identifying ventricular arrhythmias.
  • To assess the variability of late potential appearance throughout the day and its association with ventricular arrhythmias.

Summary:

  • Late potential analysis was performed on 120 post-infarction patients using 24-hour Holter ECGs, divided into 24 hourly segments.
  • Late potentials were detected more frequently with repeated analysis, especially in patients with ventricular fibrillation (VF) or ventricular tachycardia (VT).
  • Transitory late potentials were observed in VT patients during heart rate acceleration and reduced heart rate variability.

Impact:

  • Repeated late potential analysis from Holter recordings aids in recognizing functional changes.
  • This approach can enhance noninvasive risk stratification, particularly for post-infarction patients at risk of ventricular fibrillation.
  • Improved identification of high-risk patients may lead to better clinical outcomes.