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Positive self-statements: power for some, peril for others
Joanne V Wood1, W Q Elaine Perunovic, John W Lee
1Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1. jwood@uwaterloo.ca
Psychological Science
|June 5, 2009
Summary
Positive self-statements may not improve mood or self-esteem for everyone. Research shows these affirmations can backfire, particularly for individuals with low self-esteem, potentially worsening their feelings.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Social Psychology
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Background:
- Positive self-statements are commonly used to enhance mood and self-esteem.
- Despite widespread belief, empirical evidence for their effectiveness is limited.
- This study investigates potential negative effects of positive self-statements.
Purpose of the Study:
- To challenge the assumption that positive self-statements are universally beneficial.
- To examine whether positive self-statements can be ineffective or detrimental.
- To explore the differential impact of positive self-statements based on baseline self-esteem.
Main Methods:
- A survey assessed the use and perceived effectiveness of positive self-statements.
- Two experiments were conducted to test the effects of repeating positive self-statements.
- Participants with varying levels of self-esteem were assigned to different conditions.
Main Results:
- Participants with low self-esteem reported feeling worse after repeating positive self-statements or focusing on their truthfulness.
- Individuals with high self-esteem experienced limited mood improvement from positive self-statements.
- Contrasting affirmations (true and not true) did not worsen mood for low self-esteem participants.
Conclusions:
- Positive self-statements may not be a universally effective mood-boosting strategy.
- The practice can be counterproductive for individuals with low self-esteem.
- Further research is needed to understand the nuances of self-affirmation efficacy.
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