Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure

Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a procedure that facilitates the exchange of solutes, waste products, electrolytes, and excess fluid between the blood in the peritoneal capillaries and a dialysis solution introduced into the peritoneal cavity.Principles of Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)Diffusion: Waste products such as urea and electrolytes move from high concentrations in the blood to low concentrations in the dialysate across the peritoneal membrane. This mechanism is driven by the concentration...

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...

Dialysis

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...

Dialysis

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...

Physiology of Urine Formation

Physiology of Urine Formation

Urine formation is an essential function of the human body. It plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the volume and composition of body fluids. The kidneys, the primary organs involved in this process, filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances, ultimately producing urine.
Glomerular Filtration
The first stage in urine formation is glomerular filtration. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, the functional units of filtration, with a...

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or those experiencing drug overdose often require extracorporeal methods to eliminate accumulated drugs and metabolites. Hemoperfusion, hemofiltration, and dialysis are the primary techniques to rapidly remove harmful substances without disrupting the patient's fluid and electrolyte balance. For those with compromised renal function, dosage adjustments of concurrent medications may be necessary during extracorporeal drug removal.Dialysis is a process...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A Randomized Trial Comparing the Safety, Adherence, and Pharmacodynamics Profiles of Two Doses of Sodium Bicarbonate in CKD: the BASE Pilot Trial.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·2019

Same author

Effects of Nicotinamide and Lanthanum Carbonate on Serum Phosphate and Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 in CKD: The COMBINE Trial.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·2019

Same author

Pharmacokinetic problems in peritoneal drug administration: an update after 20 years.

Pleura and peritoneum·2019

Same author

CureGN Study Rationale, Design, and Methods: Establishing a Large Prospective Observational Study of Glomerular Disease.

American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation·2018

Same author

Alterations of peritoneal transport characteristics in dialysis patients with ultrafiltration failure: tissue and capillary components.

Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association·2018

Same author

Longitudinal Assessment of Left Ventricular Mass in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.

Kidney international reports·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Published on: July 19, 2018

Peritoneal ultrafiltration: physiology and failure.

Michael F Flessner

Contributions to Nephrology

|June 5, 2009

Summary

Net ultrafiltration in peritoneal dialysis relies on osmotic pressure to remove fluid. Ultrafiltration failure can occur due to inflammation, scarring, or high pressure, impacting dialysis effectiveness.

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Physiology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Net ultrafiltration in peritoneal dialysis is governed by complex forces in the peritoneal tissue space.
High osmotic pressure in the peritoneal cavity is crucial for drawing fluid from adjacent blood capillaries.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the mechanisms of net ultrafiltration in peritoneal dialysis.
To identify causes of ultrafiltration failure and potential remedies.

Main Methods:

Analysis of hydrostatic and osmotic pressure gradients across the peritoneal membrane.
Investigation of fluid transport pathways: aquaporin 1 channels and interendothelial gaps.
Examination of factors contributing to ultrafiltration failure, including inflammation, ischemia, and peritoneal scarring.

More Related Videos

A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice

A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice

Published on: July 20, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Published on: July 19, 2018

A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice

A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice

Published on: July 20, 2022

Main Results:

Approximately 50% of ultrafiltrate is solute-free, generated via aquaporin 1.
The remaining fluid filters through interendothelial gaps, influenced by the glycocalyx, which can be damaged by inflammation or ischemia.
Ultrafiltration failure is linked to high intraperitoneal pressure, rapid osmotic agent dissipation in inflamed peritoneum, and peritoneal scarring.

Conclusions:

Maintaining adequate osmotic pressure and preventing peritoneal membrane damage are critical for effective ultrafiltration.
Lowering fluid volume can reduce intraperitoneal pressure, addressing a common cause of failure.
Preventative strategies against inflammation and peritonitis, alongside potential future therapies like stem cell transplants, are key to preserving peritoneal dialysis function.