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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Semi-Automated Planimetric Quantification of Dental Plaque Using an Intraoral Fluorescence Camera
09:34

Semi-Automated Planimetric Quantification of Dental Plaque Using an Intraoral Fluorescence Camera

Published on: January 27, 2023

Clinical visual caries detection.

G V A Topping, N B Pitts

    Monographs in Oral Science
    |June 5, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Dental caries detection has long been inconsistent. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) offers a reliable, evidence-based visual method for staging dental caries across various tooth surfaces.

    Area of Science:

    • Dentistry
    • Dental Public Health
    • Cariology

    Background:

    • Reliable and reproducible detection of dental caries by clinical examination is a long-standing challenge.
    • Existing caries detection systems vary significantly in definitions, thresholds, and staging, hindering study comparison and interdisciplinary communication.
    • The continuum of caries progression, from initial enamel changes to cavitation, requires standardized assessment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and outline the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) as a solution to the incompatibility of existing caries detection systems.
    • To provide a standardized, evidence-based visual method for detecting and assessing dental caries across the full spectrum of the disease.
    • To facilitate comparison between studies and improve communication across different dental domains.

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    Main Methods:

    • Development of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) by integrating the best elements of previous systems and current evidence.
    • Outlining inherently visual ICDAS lesion detection codes for primary coronal caries, caries adjacent to restorations/sealants, and root surface caries.
    • Demonstration of the reliability, validity, and reproducibility of ICDAS codes for enamel and dentinal caries in permanent and deciduous teeth.

    Main Results:

    • The ICDAS system provides a standardized approach to visual caries detection and assessment.
    • ICDAS codes have demonstrated reliability, validity, and reproducibility for detecting both enamel and dentinal caries.
    • The system is applicable to primary coronal caries, caries adjacent to restorations/sealants, and root surface caries.

    Conclusions:

    • The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) addresses the need for a compatible and evidence-based method for caries detection.
    • ICDAS is increasingly adopted in research, epidemiology, clinical practice, and dental education due to its robust methodology.
    • Standardized caries detection using ICDAS improves data comparability and clinical decision-making.